Atom Light and Space

Atom Light and Space:

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What is Particle Physics ? You see everywhere there is patterns in the universe but if you travel inside it; you will see small particles rather than big things i.e. universe itself. So, the branch of physics that deals with the small fundamental particles is called particle physics. Particle physics studies the sub-atomic particles inside an atom. Fundamental particles means not regarded as made up of other particles like electron. But what about proton and neutron ?  Proton and neutron are elementary particles. Elementary particles means which can be sub-divided into other particles. All matter around us is made of elementary particles, the building block of matter. These particles occur in two basic types called quarks and leptons.
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Fermions: Fermions are those particles which includes  quarks and leptons. Quarks and leptons are spin -1/2  particles, implying that they are fermions according to the spin-statistics theorem . Fermions follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. These particles obey the Pauli exclusion principle. The Pauli exclusion principle is the quantum mechanical principle which states that two or more identical fermions (particle with half integer spin) cannot occupy the same quantum state within a quantum system simultaneously. In the case of electrons in atoms, it can be stated as follows: n, the principle quantum number, l, the angular momentum, m l , themagnetic quantum number and m s, the spin quantum number. For example, if two electron reside in the same orbital, and if their n, l and  m l value are same, then their  m s  must be different and thus the electrons must have opposite half-integer spin projection of 1/2 and -1/2. (Spin Up and Down) ...
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